SQL SELECT Statement
In this tutorial you will learn how to select records from database tables using SQL.
Selecting Data from Table
In the previous chapter we've learned how to insert data in a database table. Now it's time to select the data from existing tables using the SQL query.
The SELECT statement is used to select or retrieve the data from one or more tables. You can use this statement to retrieve all the rows from a table in one go, as well as to retrieve only those rows that satisfy a certain condition or a combination of conditions.
Syntax
The basic syntax for selecting the data from a table can be given with:
column1_name, column2_name, columnN_name FROM table_name;Here, column1_name, column2_name, ... are the names of the columns or fields of a database table whose values you want to fetch. However, if you want to fetch the values of all the columns available in a table, you can just use the following syntax:
table_name;Let's put these statements into real use. Suppose we've a table named employees in our database that contains the following records:
+--------+--------------+------------+--------+---------+ | emp_id | emp_name | hire_date | salary | dept_id | +--------+--------------+------------+--------+---------+ | 1 | Ethan Hunt | 2001-05-01 | 5000 | 4 | | 2 | Tony Montana | 2002-07-15 | 6500 | 1 | | 3 | Sarah Connor | 2005-10-18 | 8000 | 5 | | 4 | Rick Deckard | 2007-01-03 | 7200 | 3 | | 5 | Martin Blank | 2008-06-24 | 5600 | NULL | +--------+--------------+------------+--------+---------+
Select All from Table
The following statement will return all the rows from the employees table.
Example
Try this code »SELECT * FROM employees;After execution, the output will look something like this:
+--------+--------------+------------+--------+---------+ | emp_id | emp_name | hire_date | salary | dept_id | +--------+--------------+------------+--------+---------+ | 1 | Ethan Hunt | 2001-05-01 | 5000 | 4 | | 2 | Tony Montana | 2002-07-15 | 6500 | 1 | | 3 | Sarah Connor | 2005-10-18 | 8000 | 5 | | 4 | Rick Deckard | 2007-01-03 | 7200 | 3 | | 5 | Martin Blank | 2008-06-24 | 5600 | NULL | +--------+--------------+------------+--------+---------+
As you can see, it returns all the rows and columns from the employees table.
Tip: The asterisk (*) is a wildcard character that means everything. For example, the asterisk character in the SELECT statement of the example above is a shorthand substitute for all the columns of the employees table.
Select Columns from Table
If you don't require all the data, you can select specific columns, like this:
Example
Try this code »SELECT emp_id, emp_name, hire_date, salary
FROM employees;After executing the above statement, you'll get the output something like this:
+--------+--------------+------------+--------+ | emp_id | emp_name | hire_date | salary | +--------+--------------+------------+--------+ | 1 | Ethan Hunt | 1995-10-30 | 5000 | | 2 | Tony Montana | 1990-07-15 | 6500 | | 3 | Sarah Connor | 2011-04-13 | 5600 | | 4 | Rick Deckard | 2005-10-18 | 7200 | | 5 | Martin Blank | 1996-05-24 | 8000 | +--------+--------------+------------+--------+
As you can see this time there is no dept_id column in the result set. In the next chapter we'll learn how to select the records from a table based on a condition.
